Looks at effect of subcontracting or outsourcing of labour. Despite anticipation of an increased ratio of work related injuries, this study found that, although there are significant adverse effects on OHS, the differences in OHS risk and effects between sub-contract and employed workers were not as substantial as expected. Looks at different industry groups, secondary effects such as increased economic competition, work disorganisation, regulatory failure and a divided workforce, increased occupational violence, insecurity.